الوحدة 11 اولى ثانوي

axe فأس ـ بلطة
shipwrecked حطام السفينة
guns مسدسات
coat معطف ـ بلطو
shipwreck تحطم السفينة
useful مفيد
clock ساعة
sail يبحر
useless غير مفيد
first aid box صندوق اسعافات أولية
sailor بحار
sink يغرق
hammer جاكوش ـ مطرقة
sailing ابحار
float يطفو
knife سكينة
biology أحياء
hunt يصطاد
cooking pot اناء طهى
biological حيوى
hunting صيد
mirror مرآة
biologist عالم أحياء
hunter صياد
rope حبل
act يمثل ـ يتصرف
surprise مفاجئة ـ يفاجئ
torch كشاف ـ بطارية
actor ممثل
surprised مفاجئ ـ مدهش
describe يصف
actress ممثلة
human بشرى
description وصف
play يلعب ـ مسرحية
humanity بشرية
partener شريك
playwright
كاتب مسرحى
footprint آثار أقدام
guess يخمن
archaeology علم الآثار
fingerprint بصمات
desert صحراء
archaeologist عالم آثار
discover يكتشف
island جزيرة
archaeological أثرى
discovery اكتشاف
agree يوافق
science علوم
escape يهرب
agreement موافقة
scientist عالم
business عمل ـ شغل
disagree يرفض
scientific علمى
buisenessman رجل أعمال
disagreement رفض
save ينقذ ـ يوفر
buisenessmen رجال أعمال
discuss يناقش
saving ادخار
buisenesswoman سيدة أعمال
discussion مناقشة
savings مدخرات
succeed ينجح ـ يخلف
differ يختلف
design يصمم
successor خليفة
different مختلف
designer مصمم
successful ناجح
difference اختلاف
inspect يفتش success نجاح
hurt يضر ـ يجرح
inspector مفتش
die يموت
busy مشغول
inspection تفتيش
dead ميت
check يفحص
geology جيولوجيا
death موت
adventure مغامرة
geologist عالم جيولوجى
moral أخلاقى
lonely وحيدا
art فن
morality أخلاق
alone بمفرده
artist فنان
reward يكافئ ـ مكافأة
mainland اليابسة
terrible مرعب ـ فظيع
patient صبور ـ مريض
prison سجن
storm عاصفة
patience صبر
prisoner سجين
tools أدوات
exactly تماما

Language notes



arrive reach get to
arrive ( in – at )
He arrived in Cairo. يصـل مكـان كبيـر
He arrived at the airport. يصـل مكـان صغيـر
When did they arrive ?
بـدون حـرف جـر
reach + object يصـل بـدون حـرف جـر
He reached the airport. يصـل مكـان صغيـر They reached Cairo. يصـل مكـان كبيـر
get to يصــل إلى ( بصعــوبة )
They get to Cairo. They got to Cairo airport

award reward present a ward
award ( يمنـح ــ منحـة ــ جائـزة ( مقابـل عمـل شـئ باجـادة
She was awarded her PHD in 1985. He won the academy award this year.
reward يكافـئ ــ مكـافـأة ( مقابـل سلـوك حسـن أو عمـل جيـد ) أو تقديـم خدمـة للمجتمع
He used to give us pens as a reward when we were good.
present هدية بدون مقابل
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday Party.
a ward جنـاح / عنبر فى مستشفى
Take this patient to a ward No. Four.

hike trip picnic journey voyage flight tour
hike رحلـة طويلـة سيـرا على الأقـدام
We went for a long hike in the country.
go for ( a hike ) يذهـب فى رحلـة طويلـة سيـرا علـى الأقـدام
He went for a hike in the country.
trip رحلـة قصيـرة
He is in a business trip in London.
Picnic نزهـه خلويـه فى الهـواء الطلـق
We had a picnic by the sea.
Journey رحلـة طويلـة
How long is the journey to the coast ?
voyage رحلـة بحريـة
We went on a voyage by ship.
flight رحلـة جويـة
The flight to Saudi Arabia took two hours.
tour جـولة سياحيـة
We went on a tour to the city.

alone lonely
alone بمفرده ( شـئ مـادى )
He carried the stone alone.
lonely وحيدا ( يشعـر بالوحـدة ) ( شـئ معنـوى )
Despite his friens, he feels lonely.
die
die of يموت بسبب مرض أو جوع أو عطش
He died of cancer.
die out ينقرض
Some dangerous animals died ouy.



Definitions




adventure

An exciting experience in which a dangerous or unusual things happen.
Island A piece of land completely surrounded by water.
Mainland The main part of an area of land not the islands.
Shipwrecked An accident in which a ship is destroyed at sea.
Biology The scientific study of living things.
Archaelogy The study of ancient societies by digging up and examining their remains.
Design The way that something has been planned or made.




Exercise

Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d:
1- They arrived ( in – on – at – to ) London (in – on – at – to ) June 1687.
2- ( In – On – At – From ) 1651, Robinson Crusoe left England ( on – in – at – from ) a ship.
3- He was shipwrecked (in– on– at– to) an island which was not far (in– from– at– to) South Africa.
4- ( At – For – To – Of ) food, he grew crops and hunted animals.
5- When Crusoe visited the island (for – at –to with) the last time, he found the islanders were happy.
6- Crusoe was shipwrecked on an island. He lived ( their – there – then – here ) for 27 years.
7-We use ( knife – axe – saw - scissors ) to cut meat.
8- ( A knife – An axe – Scissors – A hammer ) is used to cut wood.
9 - Your exams are finished, so now you ( must – needn’t – didn’t have to – had to )work so hard.
10- ( archaeologist – geologist – scientist – biologist ) is the person who studies rocks.
11- In Africa a lot of people die ( of – out – at – in ) hunger.
12- Some huge animals no longer live on earth, they died ( on – at – out – of ).
13- All my friends agreed ( on – at – with – to )my suggestion to go to the cinema.
14- I agreed ( to – with – on – at ) my friend that Alex. Is the most beautiful resort.
15- It was raining heavily, but I could finally ( get to – reach – arrive – get ) my house.
16- Although she lives in a big family, she always feels ( alone – lonely – strange ).
17- My little son could finish his homework ( alone – lonely – only ).
18- The old king died and his eldest son ( succeed- succeeded – succeeding – succeeds ) him.
19- My ( flight – journey – voyage – tour ) America was successful.
20- She made a short business ( trip – flight – journey – picnic ).
21- I was annoyed, so I decided to go out for a ( picnic – a journey – trip – a flight ).
22- One of the prisoners escaped and stayed ( at – to – with – in ) Crusoe on the island.
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Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets:


1- He died when he was seventy . ( age )
2- Doctor advised me to stay at home for a week . ( advice )
3- Dr Zewail discovered the femto second . ( a discovery )
4- They planned to rob the bank . ( a plan )
5- He can answer the test in a very short time . ( able )
6- Could you open the door for me ? ( mind )
7- I bought a leather bag .

Grammar




Modal verbs





















Necessity and lack of Necessity الضـــرورة ونقـــص الضــــرورة
with Present المضــــارع


It is necessary
Necessity الضـــرورة
must – have to – has to + مصـــــدر

You must study hard. الإلـزام مـن جـانـب المتكلـم
You have to study hard. الإلـزام مـن الظـروف الخارجيـة
He has to study hard.
It is necessary to pay the money.
You must ( have to ) pay the money.






It is not necessary
lack of Necessity نقـــص الضـــرورة

needn't - don't have to - doesn't have to + مصــدر
You needn't study hard. must لنـفـى
You don't have to study hard.
He doesn't have to study hard.

It is not necessary to buy meat.
You needn't ( don't have to ) buy meat.

with Past الماضــى


It was necessary
Necessity الضـــرورة
had to + مصـــدر
You had to study hard.
He had to study hard.

It was necessary for her to take a taxi.
She had to take a taxi.



It was not necessary lack of Necessity نقــص الضـــرورة
didn't have to + inf شئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولذلـك لـم أفعلـه

needn't have + pp شئ لـم يكـن مهـم ولكـن فعـلتـه
I didn't have to take a taxi. ( I didn't take a taxi )
I needn't have taken a taxi. ( I took a taxi )

It was not necessary for her to buy bread as I bought.
She didn't have to buy bread.

It was not necessary for me to buy milk but I bought.
I needn't have bought milk.
with Future المسـتقبـــل


It will be necessary
Necessity الضــــرورة

will have to + مصــدر

You will have to study hard.

It will be necessary to bring your car.
You will have to bring your car.



It will not be necessary
lack of Necessity نقـــص الضـــرورة

won't have to + مصــدر

You won't have to study hard.

It will not be necessary to buy food tomorrow.
You won't have to buy food tomorrow.


Should - Ought to + inf & Shouldn’t - Ought not to + inf
¬



+ المصـــــدر It is advisable to


Should =
It is desirable to
I advise you to
If I were you, I would
It would be a good idea to
it is a good thing to
You had better
You would rather

 تستخـدم Should عنـدما نقـول أنـه مـن الأفضـل أن نفعـل الشـئ فـى المضـارع .
You should / ought to see that film if you get the chance.
= It would be a good idea to see that film.
 تستخـدم Should عنـدما نطـلب أو نعـطى رأيـا عـن شـئ مـا .
A. Do you think we should / ought to ask before we borrow the car ?
B. I think you should / ought to look for another job.
.

Shouldn't + المصــــدر

 ليـس مـن الصـواب أو المنصـوح بـه أن تفعـل الشـئ .




+ المـصـدر It is not advisable to


Shouldn't =
It is not desirable to
I advise you not to
If I were you, I wouldn't
It would not be a good idea to
It is not a good thing to
You had better not
You would rather not

You shouldn’t stay up late.

= It is not advisable ( inadvisable ) to stay up late.
= I advise you not to stay up late.

Should + have + pp Shouldn’t have + pp

Should + have + pp

 تلـوم شخـص على عـدم فعـل شـئ كـان مـن المفـروض أن يفعـله .
You should have told me you were coming. I didn’t expect you.
He should have helped his friend but he didn’t.

Shouldn’t have + pp

 تلـوم شخـص على فعـل شـئ خطـأ كـان مـن المفـروض أن لا يفعـله .
He shouldn’t have parked his car in a no parking place..
He shouldn’t have driven on the wrong side of the street.
 ملحوظــة :ـ يمكـن استخـدام ought to بـدلا مـن should ولكـن ought to لا تستخدم كثيراً فى النفى لذلك تستخـدم
Shouldn’t بـدلا منهـا .


Exercise
4- Rewrite the following sentences, using the word(s) in brackets:
1. It was necessary for him to take a taxi as he was late. ( He )
2. Is it necessary for him to attend the party ? ( Does he )
3. You mustn’t park here. There is a “No parking” sign. ( allow )
4. It’s necessary for us to take a taxi to get there on time. ( must )
5. You mustn’t smoke here. ( smoking )
6. Samira bought some eggs. At home she found plenty of eggs. ( needn’t )
7. It is not necessary to do your homework tonight. ( needn’t )
8. I advise you to work hard to succeed. ( should )
9. It wasn’t necessary for him to accept her invitation to dinner. ( needn’t )
10. Turn off the lights before going to bed .