إووووعة...الصعايدة وصلوا -حبة GRAMMER

Paragraph بداية موضوع وجملة نهاية له
First of all, it’s undeniable fact that I am going to spot rays of light on one of the most important and serious topics. We all need to co-operate to deal with it. We all have a role to play and this role should be played honestly and seriously. Without our efforts it would be impossible to face this matter and treat with it in a suitable way. By the end I think I have covered the most important sides in this matter.

Grammar
1- When I was young, I swam in the sea every day.( used to)
When I was young, I used to swim in the sea everyday. ( in the habit of)
When I was young, I was in the habit of swimming in the sea everyday.

2- Mayar should study hard. ( supposed)
-Mayar is supposed to study hard.

3- Hussein ought to have saved money. (supposed)
-Hussein was supposed to save money.

4- He works hard. He doesn’t earn much money. (Although)
*Although he works hard, he doesn’t earn much money. *However hard he works, he doesn’t earn much money.
*Hard as he works, he doesn’t earn much money.
* Despite working hard, he doesn’t earn much money.

5- We cancelled the journey. The weather was bad.
* We cancelled the journey because the weather was bad.
* We cancelled the journey because of the bad weather.

6- I read a book. I watched television.
* in addition to/ Besides / As well as reading a book, I watched television .

7- He didn’t meet me because he didn’t go to the party.
* If he had gone to the party, he would have seen me.
* Unless he had gone to the party, he wouldn’t have seen me.

* Had he gone to the party, he would have seen me.
* With going the party, he would have seen me.
* If it had been for going the party, he would have seen me.

8- I’d rather= I would rather
يأتي بعد ‘d ratherالمصدر بدون to
I’d rather go out.
I’d rather go out than stay at home.
اذا وجد فعل آخر نستخدم than
* You’d better= you had better
-You’d better look for another job.
I’d prefer =I would prefer
I’d prefer to go out.
يأتي بعد I would prefer المصدر ب to
-I‘d prefer to go out rather than stay at home.
اذا وجد فعل آخر نستخدم rather than + المصدر بدون to

9- Passive
* The old man bought a camera. ( was )
The camera was bought by the old man.
* The old man has bought a camera.
The camera has been bought by the old man.
* The old man was buying a camera.
The camera was being bought by the old man.
* The old man is going to buy a camera.
The camera is going to be bought by the old man.

10- After she had finished cleaning the flat, she fed the baby.
* She didn’t feed the baby till\ until she had finished cleaning the flat.
* She had finished cleaning the flat before she fed the baby.
* After finishing cleaning the flat, she fed the baby.
* She had finished cleaning the flat before feeding the baby.مالم يأتى بعدهم فاعل فهم حروف جر *
Having finished cleaning the flat, she fed the baby.

11- “ Don’t make noise.” ( The teacher asked the student)
The teacher asked the student not to make noise.
* “ Why did you leave your old flat?” ( He asked me)
He asked me why I had left my old flat.
* I’ll visit the zoo tomorrow.” (She said)
She said that she would visit the zoo the next day.
* “ Did you watch the film yesterday?” ( My friend asked)
My friend asked if I had watched the film the previous day.

الجمله المجهول تبدأ بمفعول الجملة المعلوم و نستخدم بعدة am- is- are- was- were- be- been- being ثم الفعل في التصريف الثالث و بالطبع نختار احدى اشكال v. to be على حسب زمن الجملة
* .passive)Mayar home work )
Homework was finished by Mayar/her *
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*After + had +p.p, past simple.
* Before+ past simple, had +p.p
* didn’t+ inf + till+ had +p.p
* having+ p.p
*After + v+ing
* Before+ v+ing
mustn’t = not allowed= banned = prohibited
* You mustn’t park here.
You are not allowed to park here.
It is prohibited to park here.
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* may = It is possible
It is possible that he will arrive tomorrow. ( may )
He may arrive tomorrow.
Should- ought to = it would be a good idea = it is a good thing to= it is advisable to=
*It is a good idea for you to see that film. (Should)
You should see that film.
Shouldn’t = it is not a good thing to= it wouldn’t be a good idea to= it is not advisable to= advise you to
* I advise you not to reason with the old.( shouldn’t)
You shouldn’t reason with the old.

12- I didn’t expect to see you. ( Fancy )
Fancy seeing you*
* He said that he didn’t steal the bag. (denied)
He denied stealing the bag*
* Let’s play football. ( suggested)
He suggested playing football*
* ?How/Why about traveling aboard*
Why don’t we travel abroad? d *
* Would you switch on the light? ( mind)
Would you mind switching on the light
* it’s not a good idea to smoke cigarettes.(It’s better to avoid)
It’s better to avoid smoking.
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13- ? ……,Mayar doesn’t like her silly friends
( is he – does he – does Maher – likes he)
* ? …………….. وHe never gets up early*
( doesn’t he – does he – isn’t he – is he )
* ? …………….You’d better meet him*
( hadn’t you- wouldn’t you- hadn’t I – wouldn’t I )
* ? ……………., I’d rather have some coffee*
(hadn’t you- wouldn’t you- hadn’t I – wouldn’t I)
* ?………………,.Let’s go out
( shall we – shan’t we – will you –won’t you )
* ?………………,.Let us go
( shall we – shan’t we – will you –won’t you )
?………………,.It has stopped raining
( hasn’t it – has it – isn’t it – doesn’t it )
* ? ............,He’s doing his homework
( hasn’t he– has he – isn’t he – doesn’t he )
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*Having finished his homework, he left the factory.
( No sooner ) لاحظ مبدوءة بكابتل
-No sooner had he finished his homework than he left the factory*
-(He never goes to the zoo. ( does *
Never does he go to the zoo*
He doesn’t go to the zoo*
*****************************عن إذنكم كوباية شاي و بعدين نكمل***********
* (Could you give me a reason why you left work early? ( for *
Could you give me a reason for leaving work early ? y *

must- have to –has to = it is necessary for… to
* It is necessary for you to do your best. ( must )
You must do your best.

Had to = it was necessary for… to
*It was necessary for you to do your best. ( had to )
You had to do your best.

Will have to = it will be necessary for… to
*It will be necessary for you to do your best. (will )
You will have to do your best.

needn’t- don’t have to –doesn’t have to = it isn’t necessary for… to
*It isn’t necessary for you to buy a car.
You needn’t have to buy a car.

didn’t have to –needn’t have = it wasn’t necessary for… to
*It wasn’t necessary for you to buy a car.
You didn’t have to buy a car.

won’t have to = it won’t be necessary for… to
*It won’t be necessary for you to buy a car.
You won’t have to buy a car.
*Cold had a bad effect on me. (affected)
Cold affected me badly.
* Smoking affects health harmfully? ( effect )
Smoking has a harmful effect on people.

* He is able to solve the problem. ( capable)
He is capable of solving the problem. ( ability)
He has the ability to solve the problem.

* The telephone enables you to contact other people.
* Are you going to spend the summer holiday in your village? ( intend)
Do you intend to spend the summer holiday in your village? مش عارف ارجع علامة الاستفهام للوراء
* He cooked a meal and cleaned the house.
( Not only)
Not only did he cook a meal but cleaned the house as well.

* My father gave me some advice. ( a )
My father gave me a piece of advice.
لاحظ مع الاسماء التى لا تعد اذ اردنا تجزءتها نستخدم مثل هذة التركيبات
( apiece of /apair of / a cup-glass of ..........)

* To get high marks, you should work hard.
( the more) كلما..................كلما....................
The more you work hard, the more you get high marks.

Idioms مصطلاحات
**** * *****
*to be no laughing matterموضوع جاد
* to be over the moon سعيد جدا
* around / round the clockطوال اليوم
* to get in touchيتصل بشخص
* to put feet upيستريح
* to live and learnكلما عاش كلما تعلم أكثر
* to turn over a new leafيبدأ صفحة جديدة
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Come and go تختفى بسرعة Wait and see أصبر / لا تتعجل الأمور
Back to back متتالى ( By the way = By the by )على فكرة / بالمناسبة
Back to front معكوس By and large عموما / ككل
Give or take تقريباً Give and take الوصول إلى اتفاق يرضى
Now and again من حين لآخر Odds and endsأشياء تافهة

thanks a lot Mr. Assuity

The mask of gold
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1- ?What made Laila nervous before her journey to Peru-
She was afraid of flying *
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2- ?What did the photo beside Laila’s bed remind her-
*It reminded her of a good day in Peru when they discovered
the gold figure of an animal in a tomb *************************************************************
3- * ?How was Laila different from Samira -
Samira was funny and enthusiastic whileLaila was worried -*
everything.
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4- How could researchers date how old things made of clothand
? wood are
By using a small laser r.*
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5- ?Where did the Incas live-
At high altitudes*
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6- ?What was strange about the Incas-
*They didn’t have any writing yet they controlled a huge empire
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7- ?Why did Laila decide not to study with Dr Hafez in Cairo-
Because people might think he was giving her special treatment.*
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8- ??Why was Laila suspicious of Martin Lander -
She saw him looking through the pocket of
her seat
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9- What was Machu Pich? *it as a great Inca city that was
lost for hundred of years
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10-How did Amalia feel towards Laila?
She didn’t seem to be friendly to Laila.*
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11- ?According to Amalia, why did Laila come to work in Peru-
Dr Hafez was a friend of her family.*
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12-? Where did the Chimu build their tombs-
They built their tombs in hillsides.*
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13- How would Laila be in touch with her sister Samira? - By a postcard or e-mail.*
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14- ? whydidn’t Amalia like Laila -
Because she was Dr Hafez assistant and she was in charge of her team.*

15- ?What did they find inside the tomb-
They saw a skeleton of a person in a sitting position. Some bones *
were missing and some were covered with earth.
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16-? What was wrong with the skeleton-
The skull was broken with a big crack across it.*
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17- ?How did Laila and Dr Hafez explain the crack-
Dr Hafez: He might have been killed.*
Laila: It could have been broken by falling rocks.
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18- ?What did the discovery of the gold figure mean-
The tomb was of a king.*
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19- ?What did Laila accuse Martin Lander of-
She accused him of stealing objects that should be kept in a museum.*
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20- What things did Laila take to Dr Hafez?-
A small laser machine and details of a new technique.*