kinds of sentences

Kinds of sentences أنواع الجمل
SENTENCE الجملة


Simple Compound Complex
جملة بسيطة جملة مركبة جملة معقدة

There are three main kinds of sentences.

1- The simple sentence. جملة بسيطة
2- The compound sentence. جملة مركبة
3- The complex sentence. جملة معقدة

1- The simple sentence. الجملة البسيطة

*تتكون الجملة البسيطة من فاعل واحد وفعل واحد رئيسي وقد تحتوى او لا تحتوى على مفعول او مكمل ولكن لها معنى كامل .
- The Nile runs from Central Africa to Egypt.
- We have been living here for seven years.
1- The compound sentence. الجملة المركبة
*وهى تحتوى على جملتين بسيطتين او اكثر تم الربط بينهم باداة ربط معينة.
Conjunctions of compound sentence. روابط الجملة المركبة

And I did my homework and prepared my bag.
But He washed the car but didn't polish it.
Yet Ali has many faults; yet I like him.
Or I'll read a newspaper or watch T.V.
Both.. and • Both Ali and Ahmed are students. wasted both • He his time and his money.
Either... or • He either speaks English or understands it. •He must either pay the price of car or leave it.
Neither....nor • He neither speaks English nor, understands it. • Neither of them goes to school.
So • He couldn't find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
However • He eats a lot, however he never gets fat.
Not only... but also • He is not only a famous player but he is also a famous businessman. • Not only is he a famous player but he is also a famous businessman.
As well as • He as well as I is careful. • My friends as well as I are friendly.
1- The complex sentence. الجملة المعقدة
*الجملة المعقدة هى التى تحتوى على شبه جملة رئيسية واحدة وشبة جملة واحدة تابعة او اكثر .

Conjunctions

1- And
- We went to the zoo and visited the pyramids yesterday .
- I visited them in Luxor and they visited us in Alexandria.

besides
in addition to = And بالاضافة الى
as well as

Yesterday besides going to the zoo, we visited the pyramids.
In addition to visiting them in Luxor, they visited us in Alexandria.


2- as well as
*تربط جملتين فاعلهما مختلفين وتقع بين الفاعلين ويتبع الفعل معها الفاعل الاول
I am a very hard working student. She is a very hard working student. (as well as)
I as well as she am a very hard working student.

*********************************************
3- both …….and
*تستخدم لربط جملتين فاعلهما مختلفان مع ملاحظة ان الفعل يعامل معاملة الجمع فى هذه الحالة
- Ahmed is a hard working student. Ali is a hard working student.
Both Ahmed and Ali are hard working students.

* كما تستخدم لربط جملتين فاعلهما مختلفان
She teaches English .She teaches French
She teaches both English and French
*********************************************
4- either …….or
*تستخدم للاختيار وتربط جملتين فاعلهما او مفعولهما مختلفان
- You study hard. You will not get high marks.
Either you study hard or you will not get high marks.
*لا حظ هذه الطريقة
* You either study hard or you will not get high marks.

- He can come with us. He can stay at home
He can either come with us or stay at home
*ملاحظة انها اذا ربطت فاعلين فان الفعل يتبع معها الفاعل الثانى
- I am responsible for the problem. She is responsible for the problem
Either I or she is responsible for the problem

************************************
4- neither …….nor
تستخدم لنفى فعلين او فاعلين
She doesn't help her mother at home . She doesn't get high marks at school .

I as well as she am a very hard working student.

*********************************************
3- both …….and
*تستخدم لربط جملتين فاعلهما مختلفان مع ملاحظة ان الفعل يعامل معاملة الجمع فى هذه الحالة
- Ahmed is a hard working student. Ali is a hard working student.
Both Ahmed and Ali are hard working students.

* كما تستخدم لربط جملتين فاعلهما مختلفان
She teaches English .She teaches French
She teaches both English and French
*********************************************
4- either …….or
*تستخدم للاختيار وتربط جملتين فاعلهما او مفعولهما مختلفان
- You study hard. You will not get high marks.
Either you study hard or you will not get high marks.
*لا حظ هذه الطريقة
* You either study hard or you will not get high marks.

- He can come with us. He can stay at home
He can either come with us or stay at home
*ملاحظة انها اذا ربطت فاعلين فان الفعل يتبع معها الفاعل الثانى
- I am responsible for the problem. She is responsible for the problem
Either I or she is responsible for the problem

************************************
4- neither …….nor
تستخدم لنفى فعلين او فاعلين
She doesn't help her mother at home . She doesn't get high marks at school .
-She neither helps her mother at home nor gets high

marks at school.
- Noha didn’t go to the party. Haneen didn't go to the party.
- Neither Noha nor Haneen went to the party
- He can't read. He can't write.
- He can neither read nor write.
لا حظ هذه الطريقة
-Samy didn't find the money. He didn't tell the police.
- Neither did Samy find the money nor did he tell the police.
لو استخدمت لربط فاعلين يتبع الفعل معها اقرب فاعل ( الفاعل الثانى )
-Mayar isn't a doctocr.Shahd isn't a doctor either. (Neither)
*Neither Mayar nor Shahd is a doctor.

5- but – yet – however – nevertheless
تستخدم للربط والعطف بين جملتين متناقضتين .
- I went to the meeting but / yet I didn't meet the boss .
- She was weak , however she could defend herself well .
*********************************************
6- not only ... but ( also ) ……as well
ولها موقعان فى الجملة
1- داخل الجملة وفى هذه الحالة توضع قبل الفعل الاصلي
2- فى بداية الجملة وفى هذه الحالة نضع الجملة فى الصيغة الاستفاهمية ( نقدم الفعل المساعد على الفاعل )
- He passed the exam . He got high marks .
- He not only passed but ( also ) he got high marks as well
- Not only did he pass the exam but ( also ) he got high marks as well .
لا حظ هذه الجملة
- His students are hard working . The teacher is hard working .
- Not only the students but also the teacher is hard working
لاحظ ان الفعل يتبع اقرب فاعل له
*********************************************
so
thus
جملة السبب hence جملة النتيجة
therefore
consequently
that's why
- He was ill, so he went to the doctor
- He made the mistake; consequently he had to hear the blame.
- She didn't get high marks in the exam, therefore she was punished
*****************************
2- Connectors of Purpose
may-might
(So that = in order that) subject + can- could +inf.
Will- would

(to = in order to = so as to ) infinitive مصدر

- He works in a factory in order to earn his living
- He works in a factory so that he can earn his living
Because + want to
She traveled abroad because she wanted to complete her study.
She traveled abroad so that she could complete her study.
She traveled abroad to complete her study.
لا حظ هذه الجمل
* I hurried so that I wouldn't be late for school.
- I hurried so as not to be late for school.
* The student phoned me last night because he wanted me to explain some difficult words to him

phoned me last night so that I could explain some difficult words to him

*He came late at night because he didn't want anyone to see him.
- He came late at night so that no one could see him

lest / for fear that لكيلا - خشية أن

lest/ for fear that + subject + should +inf.
- He got up early lest he should miss the train. for fear of
- He took a taxi for fear that he might miss the train.

**************************************
2- Connectors of contrast

although / though / even though / even if / whatever
يأتى بعدهم جملة كاملة الاركان ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول او تكملة ) وهذه الروابط تفيد التناقض
In spite of / despite / regardless of
تستخدم ايضا لربط جملتين متناقضتين ولكن يأتى بعدهم عبارة ( اسم / v. + ing)) أو ضمير ملكية +أسم من صفة .
- Although she is beautiful, she is impolite.
- Despite being beautiful she is impolite.
- Despite her beauty, she is impolite.
* Although the roads were crowded, I arrived in time.
- In spite of the crowded roads, I arrived in time.

Whatever مهما
- He was believed whatever he said
لا حظ هذه الجملة
- Whatever mistakes she does, I forgive her.
لو جاءت فى بداية الجملة نقدم الاسم على الفاعل أى انها تتبع بالاسم
However بالرغم من

- However he gave me advice, I ignored it
- However beautiful she is, she didn't get married yet.
لو جاءت فى بداية الجملة وكانت الجملة تحتوي على صفة او ظرف نقدمهما على الفاعل

صفة / ظرف + as + subject + verb …
Beautiful as she is, she didn't get married yet.

**************************************
3- Connectors condition
If / provided / providing / provided that /
on condition that / as long as / only if

- She will get a good job if she gets a university degree.
- She will get a good job provided that she gets a good degree.
- As long as it doesn't rain, we can play.
- Only if the doctor allows it can eat a rich diet.
**************************************
3- Connectors cause
Since - as - because
يأتى بعدهم جملة كاملة الاركان ( فاعل + فعل + مفعول او تكملة ) وهذه الروابط تدل على السبب
Because of - owing to - due to - on account of - through - thanks to - as a result of
تستخدم ايضا لربط جمل السبب ولكن يأتى بعدهم عبارة ( اسم / v. + ing ) أو( ضمير ملكية+ أسم من صفة )
* I like him so much because he did a lot to my family
- Due to doing a lot to my family, I like him so much
* He joined a good faculty since he worked hard at school
* He joined a good faculty through hard work at school
* He joined a good faculty as a result of his hard work at school ************************************
3- Connectors result
(so + (adj/adv) + that + جملة نتيجة ) فاعل +can`t/coudn`t+Inf
- He is so old that he can't walk. (So that)
*Tea was very hot .Mayar couldn't drink it. (So that)
-Tea was so hot for Mayar that

) she couldn't drink it.

"such + noun"
Mona is so beautiful that every one admires her
Mona is such a beautiful girl that every one admires her
- It was such a busy hour that I couldn't meet the man. = The man was so busy that I couldn't meet him.

- He is such a strong man that he can beat any rival.

adj / adv( enough )+ to + infinitive
- The man is strong enough to lift the box.
-Shahd is clever enough to answer all questions .
too + adj/adv + infinitive.
- The man is too weak to walk.
دائما تعنى الصفة السلبية وهى تساوى can't

Exercises
A) Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d :
1- ....................... the heavy rain, they went out for a walk.
a) Although b) Even though c) However d) In spite of
2- I'll buy a car....................... I've saved enough money.
a) as soon as b) afterwards c) following d) then
3- We are determined to carry out this project.......... it will cost a fortune.
a) since b) because c) even though d) despite
4- He arrived early ....................... get a good seat.
a) because b) due to c) owing to d) in order to
5- I'll go to have a look .......................... you come with me.
a) for b) as long c) unless d) provided
6- She can't attend the conference........ She's received an invitation card.
a) unless b) such c) without d) provided
7- He hurried.................... that he might catch up with them.
a) if b) such c) as long as d) so
8- You will only be successful.......................... you build on solid ground.
a) because b) unless c) if d) even though
9- Using a car in a big city is fine as...... as you can find somewhere to park.
a) much b) good c) long d) if
10- He's saving up and up .......... he should face some trouble in the future.
a) because b) unless c) although d) lest
11- We might be able but................. we have the required funds.
a) only if b) because of c) so that d) if only
12- They had done a lot of research; the solution to the problem came smooth.
a) if b) unless c) consequently d) due to
13- The river must go polluted ....... we're dumping waste and rubbish into it.
a) unless b) providing that c) as long as d) as if
14-I will take part in the activity .................. there be real need.
a) ought b) had c) should d) could
15- ........................ wealthy he is, he doesn't help the poor.
a) However b) Although c) When d) Because
16- ..................... you if you had backed me.
a) I'd back b) I'll back c) I'd have backed d) I'll have backed
17- It is good to visit those places........ that you don't injure their beauty.
a) so b) in c) in order provided
18- Interested................... I am in drama, I can't write a play.
a)because b) despite c) such d) as
19- She did her best in order....... achieve her goal and join the Faculty of Medicine.
a) of b) to c) for d) that
20- You might win a gold medal but .......... you train very hard.
a) until b) not until c) even so d) even though
21- He had very little hope to win; it delighted him to get a bronze medal.
a) so b) if c) why d) because
22- Connected ............... he was with the ex-manager he won't be able to stand up to that responsibility.
a) that b) as c) so d) such
23- I like him ............ he can be annoying at times.
a) despite b) even c) even though d) in spite of
24- He had to take the medicine .......... it was.
a) bitter as b) so bitter c) due to bitterness
d) bitterly as
25- The government is working hard ............. future generations can enjoy a better life.
a) so that b) because c) in case d) due to
26- He came first in the exam ……... he hadn't done much revision work.
a) Unless b) so that c) because d) even though
27- He failed to answer the question........... it went over his head.
a) which b) due to c) that d) because
28- I can lend you some money ...................... you write me a receipt.
a) as long b) as long as c) so as to d) as
29- He won't do any work........ you pay him off in advance. a) Provided b) if c) unless d) without

على فكرة حاولت انسق العمل لكن الايكونات مش شغالة

30- [A man is not on the wrong.............. fights for his right.
a) when b) until c) who d) because
31-I was going home from the cinema.......... I saw the accident.
a) why b) when c) that d) because
32- He hadn't been informed ..................... he was absent.
a) because b) although c) however d) so
33- Sea resorts won't be popular ................... they remain unpolluted.
a) if b) unless c) as long as d) provided that
34- Not everyone goes to hospital .......... they are ill.
a) who b) while c) unless d) when
35- The hall was ...................... large, a hundred people looked lost in it.
a) so b) such c) such a d) a very
36-....................... the rain, they went out in light clothes.
a) In spite of b) Because of c) Owing d) In order to
37- ............... losing their way, they followed the guide.
a) In spite of b) Despite c) For fear of d) For fear that
38-..................... he recovered, he would not live long.
a) Even if b) Despite c) Since d) Nevertheless
39- Hard …………….. he works, he rarely gets high marks.
a) that b) whatever c) as d) even
40- It' s………………. nice story
a) such b) such a c) so d) so that

B) Rewrite the following sentences
1-1 was taking a shower, so I didn't answer the doorbell (because)
2- I' ll be in time unless something turns up. (provided that)
3-I like poetry but I can't write any myself. (although)
4- Both father and child were injured in the accident, (as well as)
5- I overslept and missed the plane. (if)
6- He is my brother but we don't look alike. (as we are)
7- Raghda has been complaining without any result. (but didn't)
8- He was poor-sighted, so he wore spectacles. (sight)
9- He waited long? but she failed to arrive. (in spite of)
10- He was punished for his carelessness. (careless)
11- They climbed the mountain and stayed there all the night. (not only)
12- He didn't attend the party because he isn't very sociable. (mighthave)
13- I would like to join the sports club because I want to get fit.
(so aS to)
14- For all his wealth, no one ever loved him. (Even though)
15- He is a famous doctor, and sons are too. (whose)
16- They practise well because they want to win. (so that)
17- For all the helping he got, he was still dissatisfie (satisfy)
18- He slept well because the night was still. (owing to)
19- I'll sell this car whether at a profit or a loss, (even though)
20- I don't like wrestling but won't mind watching it on TV. (however)
21- He made the mistake because his mind was wandering.(concentration
22- He took a taxi to reach the station. (so that)
23- During the war, stone buildings without number were destroyed and strong bridges were damaged, too. (Not only)
24- She stopped to buy some flowers. (so that)
25- I haven't got a car, so I'll have to take a taxi. (because)
26- I like chess but I'm not very good at it. (even though)
27- Unless we were good examples, our children wouldn't be good citizens. (otherwise)
28- In spite of his wounds, he fought bravely. (even)
29- He [/left][/left]always takes precautions so that nothing might go wrong. (so)
30- However busy he is, he likes it. (as)
31 - He was so careful he never had an accident. (thanks to )
33- She didn't have much difficulty as she had often done it before. (therefore)
34- He didn't attend yesterday's meeting. He was ill in bed. (owing to)
35- Although he was innocent, he was afraid of unfair punishment (In spite of)
36- He was away, consequently they all missed him. (as)
37- In spite of his hard work, he wasn't fairly paid. (yet)

38- For him to work in the new company he needs a certificate in computer. (can't)
39- He built a high fence in order to protect the garden. (so)
40- In spite of his disability, he won a silver medal in the Paralympics game. (disabled)
41- The boys escaped for fear of being punished. (lest)
42- They met to discuss the new plan. (so that)
43- I forgave him all the mistakes he did. (Whatever)
44- I'd love to play tennis if I could afford it. (but)
45- I will buy a car at all costs. (the price)
46- However cautious he was, he fell in trouble. (as)
47- For all his wealth, he's close-handed. (However)
48- Whatever you say, I don't believe you. (For all)
49- However tall the tree is, he can climb it. (as)
50- I was very busy. I couldn't answer the telephone. (so ... that)
51- He was so annoyed that he could not speak. (too ... to)
52- I didn't have an umbrella. Therefore, I got wet in the rain. (because)
53- They walked slowly enough for the old woman to catch up with them. (so ... that)
54- The flat is wide enough to live in. (such)
55- The pyramids are so strong that they have remained for centuries. (enough)
56- That process is complicated. I can't follow it. (too ... to)
57- Ahmed's is such a simple mind that you can't help wondering.
(so .... that)
58- He moved the furniture round to make more space. (so that)
59- Despite his poverty, he won't ask for help. (poor)
60- He is too tired to work. (so ... that)
61- He is too stupid to do the exercise. (such)
62- He spoke very slowly but I didn't understand him. (Despite)
63- She went to the market to get some vegetables. (because)
64- Although he is lazy, he does good work. (Lazy)
65- Things are changing so quickly at present that it is impossible to predict the future. (too ... to)
66- For all his efforts, he failed to achieve any thing special. (Although)
67- He was so light-fingered he could steal a needle in haystack. (such)
68- He painted the room because he wanted to make it brighter. (so as to)
69- Famous as he was, his private life remained like unknown. (Even)

حبيبى الغالين حلوا وارسلوا رسالة خاصة ونصحح وع بعض--وأسف على عدم التنسيق-والبركة فى مير المنتدى الهمام حيقوم بالتنسيق******* محمد الاسيوطى